Social connection and aging

Meta-analytic evidence associates social isolation and loneliness with higher mortality risk, and a National Academies review documents wider health consequences in older adults. The evidence is consistent and taken seriously by public health bodies, but it is largely observational, so the size of any causal effect remains uncertain.

Educational content only - not medical advice. In a crisis, call or text 988 (US) or your local emergency number. See crisis resources.